Signaling system



July 1, 1930. w. 1. BECA'OURI SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed J y 7. 1922Patented July 1, 193Q v UNITED STATES OFFICE 'wLA Mm IWANOW'ITSQHnncnonnr, onrnrnoennn, Rossini,

SIGNALING sYsrEM Application filed July 7, 1922, Serial No."57 3,439,and in Germany' October 12, 1921.

the malefactors however cunning, to para lyze the working of thesignaling by methods other than a direct damage, is nullified, evenshould the malefactorsknow in detail the general construction and thedistinguishingparticularities of the entire system or of the parts it iscomposed of and should they possess precise reproductions ofthese parts.

According to-the inventiontwo synchronized mechanisms are used, theelectric connections between which are provided insuch a manner that anydisturbance will interrupt the relation. One of" the mechanisms I isplaced in the protected premises, the other in some safe place atacertain distance from the first. In the safe pla'ce'is also provided ain the protected premise. I This member and the first mechanism controlthe circuit of an electro-magnet which, when disturbances occur,produces the operation of the signal.

The synchronized mechanisms are arranged to run in practical aperiodicalmanner, so that even ill-intended attempts based upon an ex-. actknowledge of the details ofthe device will be without success.

tioned attempts, one of the essentialpecularities of the systemconsistsv in such an arrangement of the protected premises that all.attempts intendedto force, perforate Ior melt the partitions of thedepository,'will destroy the electric connection between the synchronicmechanism and, consequently start the working of the apparatus. 1

Finally, the apparatus is arranged to produce an alarm in case of theexhausting of the the alarm notwithstanding the most crafty membercontrolled by the mechanism placed Should one fear the possibility ofill-inten working battery,damage to'the electric bell, stoppage of theclockworkwhicl'i controls the working of the synchronical mechanismsand,generally, each time that some irregularity.

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As to the attacheddrawings, Fig.1 represents the general scheme of thesystem, Figs. 1 and 1? 'showdetailsof Figure 1;

Fig. 2 a'variation in theexecuting of one of the parts of thesynchronized mechanisms;

1 Figure 3 is a plan view ofthe electromag netic mechanisms connected-t0the time .0011- trolledswitch, and 1 Y Figure 4 is a detail perspectiveview'of the time controlled auxiliary device for starting the alarm whenthe mainbattery fails. c

The Roman numeral '1 demonstrates the inaccessible locality where, asshown in the illustrated example, is :situat'ed 'oneaof the synchronicalmechanisms together withthe signaling device. r c y 1 I II designatesthe protected locality, for instance a safe.

The axles 1 and 30 are moved through a ro- 7. tating motion of. equalangular velocity produced by any mechanism of well. known construction."In the illustratediexample .the driving" mechanism consists ofaj battery(primary or; secondary) A, ayclo'ckwork '10 and two electro-magnets 13and 33 connected by twoelectric wires 11 and-'12, the first of} which11', hassupplementary devices furjtherdescribed. I i 1 c Theclockwork-1O serves to interrupt pe: 85 riodically the'circuitx'of thebattery A with which the electromagnets 13 and 33 are connected; inparallel. The electromagnets serveto drivethe synchronous mechanisms.-

On axle 1 are mounted two discs 2 and?) 9. provided with teeth orperipherical projections 4 and 5. The teeth of each disc are allofdifferent.circumferential lengths and areseparated by the. intervals 4and 5 which are" also of various lengths but the dimensions anddispositions of'the teeth on both discs are co-ordinated according to adefinite law, as will be explained further. Onax le 30,11 the protectedlocality is mounted only one disc 34, with teeth or .peripherical projeQ iQnS, m0

occurs in the normal working of the appara- 4 i 31 and intervals 31. Thedisposition of teeth and intervals is co-ordinated in a definite mannerwith the disposition of the teeth 4 and 5 on the discs 2 and 3.

A second battery B controls the electric'bell 14. One of the terminalsof this battery is connected by the conductor 15 with the boss of alever having fingers 6, 8 adjusted on its axle of rotation, from whichit is electrically insulated and is capable of being attracted by theelectro-magnet 7. The other terminal of this battery B is connected bythe conductor 16 with theaxle of rotation 17 of the'lever with two arms18 which are disposed in a horizontal position in which this lever, bythe insulated extremity of one ofits arms effects the closing of'thecontact 19 connected by the conductor 23, the winding of theelectromagnet 21 and the conductor 24 with the finger 9, which isyieldably pressed against the axle 1 or the boss of the disc 2, 3.

- The other terminal of the battery B is connected with the righthandcontact screw of the bell 14 by the conductor 26-and the con tact 1919 which may be closed by means of an arm '19 of the lever 18. v In theposition shown the lever 18 rests against the armature 22 and thecontact 19 19 is open. I

At the moment illustrated by the drawing the circuit of the battery B isbroken near the discs 2 and 3,'as neither of the branches 6 and 8 touchthe corresponding disc.

T he arm 6 is arranged in the same plane as the disc 2 and the arm 8 inthe same plane as the disc 3, so that each branch is-onlyco-operatingwith one-of the discs'and can never make contact with theother. The arms 6, 8 are parts of an armature controlled by theperiodically operated electro-magnet"? in such a manner that at therelease of the armature the arm 8 meets an interval of the disc 3 and isretracted bythe electro-magnet before it may make contact with the nexttooth 5. The same is true for the arm 6 in the attracted position of thearmature. Conta'ctbetween one of the arms and a tooth of thecorresponding disc occurs only-when the synchronism 1s disturbed. WVhenthe closing of the circuit takes place at this point (and this musthappen without fail) at every damage or change in the electricconnection between the syne chronous mechanisms 1 and 30), theelectromagnet 21 is'energized and attracts the armature 22 on whichreposes the long left arm of the lever18, so that the latter, influencedby its weight or by a spring, swings on its axle 17 to the left, whichproduces the closing of the contact 19 and of the contact 20,simultaneously with the breaking of the contact 19. The electric bell 14is switched on to the circuit of the battery Band the signal, oncereleased, continues its running even after they cause which started it(damage'or change of the electric connection) is eliminated. Theswitching off of the electric bell or any other lever 18 is released andmoves downwardly,

'whereby it connects the battery B with the bell 14 through conductor 16over 17, 19 20, bell'b'ack thr0ugh19 19 19 and conductor 26.

The synchronous mechanisms Iand'II are principally intended'to producethe closing of the circuit ofthe signal by any disturbance occasioningan irregularity in the synchronous running of these mechanisms. This isobtained with the help of an electro-magnet 7 whichacts on thearmaturearms '6, 8 and is fed by the battery G connected by theconductor. 27 with the finger 36 bearing onthe axle 30 or the boss ofthe disc 34. The second conductor 28 connects the, .electro-magnet -7with the inner layer 38 of the packingof the protected locality and bymeans of this layer and of the'conductor 39, with the contact dog 35which, X at certain moments, (during the passing of the teeth 31 of thedisc 34) closes the circuit of the electro-magnet 7 and in this wayproduces the attracting of its armature. These moments of the closingofthe circuit are calculated in. such a manner that the attraction ofthe armature is produced before the extremity of the arm 8 touches thetooth of the disc 3 which approaches this extremity, and at the verymoment when the arm 6, which isiturned simultaneously with the arm 8,enters the interval 4 of the disc 2. When the tooth 31'of the disc 34touches the contact dog 35, the extremity of the arm 8, attracted by theelectro-magnet '7, lets the tooth 5 of the disc 3 pass, whilst theextremity of the arms 6 will be placed in the intervals 4. In theseconditions neither of the arms touches the corresponding disc;consequently the circuit of the electro-magnet 21 will continue to bebroken and the electric bell 14 will not be rung. This play of the arms6, 8 repeats itself as long as the synchronous rotation of themechanisms 1 and 30 continues to take place. But as soon as one of theconductors 11 and 12 which connect the synchronous mechanisms, or one ofthe conductors 27 and 28 of theelectro-magnet 7 is damaged, one of thearms 6 or 8 makes contact with one of the teeth of discs 2,3,wherebyinfallibly the closing of the circuit of the electro-magnet 21 isthe elect-ro-magnet 21 has been excited the.

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produced and consequently the ringing of the battery A stops, whilst thedisc 2, 3 whose working circuit (battery A, coils 13, contact 10 andbattery A) is intact,'continues its rotation because the coils 13, 33are connected in-parallel in the circuit of battery A; this willdisarrange thev synchronism of the. axles 1 and 30, the circuit of theelectro-magnet. 21 will be closed by the disc v3 because of the contactof its tooth 5 with the arm 8 or by the disc 2, owing to the contact ofits tooth with the other'arm 6.. In case of damage to one. of theconductors 27 and 28 the same result is obtained, in spite of thesynchronous rota-..

factor, by shunting an apparatus similar to.

the mechanism 30-34 into the conductors 11', 12 and 27 and 28, wish toobtain the possibility of breaking the electric connectionbetween theprotectedlocality D and signaling apparatus I to the right of the placeof shunting he would have not only to possess a mechanism reproducing indetail and in a precise manner the mechanism 3034 switched off in thisway, but also to know definitely. the phase of'the period at the momentwhen the switching offis effected. As such a shunting could notbe madeinstantaneously whilst to prevent the closing of the circuit of theelectro-magnet21 the precise duplication of the phasesof the apparatus.is absolutely necessary-all attempts of this sort must fail :completely,even should the number of the-teeth on the discs 2, 3 and 34 be small.The projections 31 of the disc 34 (and, consequently too the projections5 of the disc 3) are in general of very small breadth, fordiminishingthe duration of contact between the pro ectlons 31 of thedisc 34 and the contact dog 35,

whereby all ill intended attempts are made more difficult. I I

It is moreover possible byintroducing; a complication; in thearrangement of the synchronous. mechanism to render more diflicult stillfor the malefactors the preceding studying of the apparatus or to makeabsolutely a, impossible the connecting in of an auxiliary mechanism'shortcircu'iting the mechanism 30-34, even supposing a-perfectknowledge of the arrangement; Fig. 2, taken as an example, represents adisc 37, destined to replace the disc 34. The disc 37 has a recess inwhich is arranged a smaller auxiliary disc 49 in the samelevel as disc37 on the axle32 which is parallel to axle 30. This auxiliary disc 49 isrotatable around itsaxle and can.

' take part on the rotation of disc 37 for axle 32 is-in fixed relationto disc 37 by means of a frame connected with thelatter. The teeth as:well as the grooves oflthe auxiliary disc 49 are difierentfromeachother, and in the proximity of thecircumference pins 40 are arrangedwhich are vertical in respect to the disc surface and are equallydistributed thereon. On the frame, supporting the whole is the pawl 48,which movement is limited by pins. This pawl is so dimensioned that its.

free end cutsthe circlethe radius of which i is equal to the distancefrom the center of the axle 30 to the center of the pin which isfarthest from the axle 30 and lies in the line connecting the centers ofthe axles 30 and 32. The auxiliary disc 49 can only rotate in thedirection, of the arrow Z for the blocking system 41, 42 avoids therotation in an opposite direction. .In case disc 37 rotates in thedirection of the arrow at and the auxiliary disc 49 approaches pawl48,.the pin 1 lying in the prolongation of the line connecting thecenters of the axles 30 and .32 will be caught by pawl '48. The pin cantherefore not rotate further with disc 37.

rection until released.': It will be released after disc 37 has turnedso far further that the distance from the center of the axle 32 to theend of the pawl 48 is greater than the radius for the pins 40. The pawl48 causes in this manner a rotation of disc-49 in the direction of thearrow 2 around axle 32, and" instead of tooth 45 the tooth 46 will enterinto the cut-outbetween teeth 43 and 4.4 of'disc 37. This actionrepeatsafter a complete ro- The pin will be forced downwardly inradial'ditation of disc 37 and tooth 47 takes the place 7 of tooth46.'.This change continues with each complete rotation of the disc 37.As the teeth of the disc 49 are of different breadth and readjustthemselves "at each turn on the circumference of the disc 37,

the circumferential configuration of this disc changes after eachturnmade byit. It

is therefore evident that when replacing the:

combined disc 34 by the combined disc 37, 49 it is necessary to providethe discs 2 and 3 with auxiliary corresponding discs, similar to the.disc49, these auxiliary discs producing in the outer configuration ofthe discs'2 and 3 variations like those of the disc 37.

Instead of only one auxiliary disc49, one could use two or a greaternumber of discs to render still more diflicult for the malefactor thesolving of this .problem.

When a short circuit is made in the plates 50 and 38, and wire 12connects the wire '12.

with the wire28, closing the following circuit from the battery Bthrough conductors 15, 29 and 28' to plate 38, to plate 50,-con

ductors 12,, 12, 25 and 24 to coils 21,.and

thence through wire 23 and contacts 19 back to battery B. This attractsthe armature 22 and causes'the alarm 14 to be sounded.

I In order that the electric bell should likewise be started in case ofdamage or exhaustion of the battery A, while the clockwork 10 stillcontinues to run, the following device may be provided. Two cams 87, 88(Fig. 3) are adjusted at an angle of 180 to the axle 10 ot'the clockwork10 or to another axle whose motion depends on the latter. During thenormal working of all the parts of the apparatus the axles 10 and 1 turnwith the same angular velocity, so that both pairsot cams cannot comeinto contact. On the contrary, when the synchronous mechanism stopsbecauseof the damage to the battery A, the axle 1 stops too, while theaxle 10 of the clockwork continues its rotating motion; therefore thecams 87 and 88 touch the cams 89 and 90 and the axle 10, being connectedwith the conductor 15 by the wire 81 (Fig. 1) an electric circuit isestablished (positive terminal of the battery B, contact 19,electromagnet 21, axle 10, axle 1, wire 81 and the negative terminal ofthe battery B) which starts the ringing of the electric bell 14 in theabove mentioned way.

The electro-magnets 13, 33 are connected in parallel in the circuit ofthe battery A. Each of these electro-magnets is driving one of thesynchronous mechanisms I, II, when their circuit is closed by means ofthe clockwork 10. r

The left arm of the lever 18 may be provided (Fig. 1) with asupplementary branch whose extremity 74 produces the closing of thecircuit 75, 76 of the battery E of the auxiliary electric bell 77 whenthis lever leaves its horizontal position of rest being deprived of thesupport represented by the armature 22.. In this manner, simultaneous-1y with the principal electric bell 14, the auxiliary electric bell 77may be used to give a push to the brake lever 80 which produces thestarting of the ordinary spring bell 58.

The electric bell 77 may also be arranged in such away that its ringingwill not depend on the exactitude of the working of the magnet 21 and ofthe switch 74. For this purpose one may fasten on the axle ofthe arms 6,8 similar arms insulated in relation to the first (these auxiliary armsarenot shown on the drawing), and working simultaneously with it andaccording to the same principle, and also connectthis lever, as well asthe axle 59 of the finger 9, by the wires 81 and 82 (these being shownon the drawing by a dotted line for a certain part of their length) withthe circuit of the battery E and ofthe the'bell-14 and the'contacts 83'and 84. In such a manner an interruption of the current in the contacts83, 84 will occur and cause an alarm should the contacts 83 and 84oxidize or the action of the spring at the bell armature slacken. 1 7

Switch 86 consists of a small yieldable lever, which can oscillate onthe axle 60 andpos sessesat one of its ends a contact piece insu latedfrom the lever and rests with its other end on the bell armature 83. Avery small movement of this armature permits the lever 85 to slip andcauses an interruption of the circuit at contact 86, for the lever turnsunder the spring action around its axle.

Owing to the importance of the regular working of the battery B theexact-itude of its working should beassuredv The system according to theinvention, permits tocontrol automatically the good condition of thisbattery. F or this purpose one may arrange a commutator mechanicallyconnected with the clockwork and producing in determined intervals thecommutating ot'the batteries B and C for a comparatively short time, soas the battery B should feed the circuit of the battery G and thebattery C the circuit of the battery B. In that condition, if thebattery B is out of order, this fact will immediately be signaled, asthe switching on of the defective-battery into the line 27 28 disturbsthe running of the electro-magnet 7 and, consequently, produces thestarting of the alarm. The above mentioned commutator may be of anyconstruction for instance, it may adopt the form of discs with insulatedsegments with fixed contact brushes or the form of an immovable discwith a ring contact on which slides the contact lever and so on.

The discs 2 and 3 at the central station are fixed on the shaft. 1 whichalso fixedly carriesthe ratchet wheel engaged by the pawl 101 which iscarried by the armature 102 of the electro-magnet 18. A- similarmovement is used to drive the disc 34 at the protected area, a ratchetwheel 103 being secured to the disc shaft30 and driven by a pawl 104carried on the armature 105 of the electro-magnetic 33.

In concluding I may say that the described system of electric signalingassures the uninterrupted working of the signal in'the following cases(1)'Damagetothe conductors 11 and 12 which constitute the electricconnection of the parts controlling the synchronical'working of the twomechanisms depositated in I diflerent places; v r

(2) Destruction of the line 27, 28 between the mechanism placed in theprotected locality and the electro-magnet 7 deposited in a safe placeand opposingthe closing of the circuit of another electro-1nagnet 21whose running sounds the alarm circuit, a source of current, anelectromagnet located at the central office and included in said maincircuit, an interrupter for said main circuit located in the guardedstructure, means for operating said interrupter so as to make and breaksaid main circuit at predetermined moments, a two-armed lever armaturefor said electromagnet, a pair of movable toothed memberslocated at sucha distance from said armature, that when the armature is'attracted, oneof its 'arms tcan touch the teeth of one'of said members, but when saidarmature is not attracted its second arm can touch the teeth of theother member, means for moving said toothed members with such an angularvelocity, that both arms of said armature, whether the latter isattracted or not, do not touch the teeth of said toothed members, butenter into the spaces between the teeth, and an alarm circuit in whichsaid armature and said toothed members are included.

2. In an electric protective signaling system, the combination with aguarded structure and a central otfice, of a main control circuitincluding a source of current, an electromagnet located at the centraloffice, a rotating interrupter for said main circuit located in theguarded structure, means for moving said interrupter, a pair of toothed.

discs located at the central oflice, a pair of electromagneticallyactuated devices in said main circuit operable on the toothed discs tocause the latter to rotate synchronously with said interrupter, anarmature for said electromagnet having the form of a twoarmed lever andlocated at such a distance from said toothed discs that when saidarmature is attracted one of its arms can touch the teeth of one of saidtoothed discs, but when said armature is not attracted, its second armcantouch the teeth of the second disc, the

lengths of teeth of both discs and their relative positions being suchthat normally both arms of said armature, whether the latter isattracted or not, do not meet any of the teeth but enter into the spacesbetween them,

and an alarm circuit in'which said armature and said pair of discs areincluded.

3. In an electric protective signaling system, the combination with aguarded structure and a central 0lfice,of a main control circuitconsisting of a battery, an electromagnet at the central office andtwoconduce tors extending from-the central office to the guarded structure,a rotating toothed disc with a contact dog located in the guardedstructure and serving to make and break said maincircuit atpredetermined 1 intervals, meansfor driving said toothed disc, a pair ofrotating toothed discs at the central office, means for driving saidpair of discs synchronously with said first named, disc, an armature forsaid electromagnet moving round a fixed axle at such a distancefrom'said pair of toothed discs, that whensaid armature is attracted,its one extremity can touch the teeth of'one disc, While, when saidarmature is not attracted, its second extremity can touch the-teeth ofthe other, disc, the lengths of the, teeth and their disposition on allthe three discs-being so c'alculatedthat, during normaloperation Y ofthe device, both extremities of said armature, Whetherjthe latter isattracted or not, always enter into the spaces between, the teethwithout touching 'anypof them, and'an alarm circuit, in whichsaidarmatu-re andsaid-pair of discs are included. y

' Ac, In an electric. protective system, the combination with a guardedstructure. and a central oflice, ota main control circuit'consisting ofa battery, an electromagnet at the central-office and two conductorsextending from'the, central ofiicelto the guarded structure, of a rotarytoothed disc with a contact dog located in the guarded structure andserving to make and break said main circuit at predetermined intervals,a pair of rotary toothed discs at the central ofiice, a mam clockwork,an interrupter, a battery and two i whether the latter is attracted ornot, always enter. intothe spaces between the teeth without touchingthem, and 'an alarm'circuit in which said armature and said pair ofdiscs are included. I H v 5. In an electric protective signaling system,the combination witha guarded structure, a central oflice, and anelectric alarm circu1t therem, of'a c1rcu1t closer for said alarmcircuit; and electromagnet for releasing said circuit closer, a pair ofrotary toothed discs at the central office, a member with two spacedarms one for each disc so located that each arm'of the pair can enterinto the spaces between the teeth of a respective disc, a controllingelectromagnet at the central office serving to attract said two-armedmember, a

rotary toothed disc and a'contact dog in the guarded structure servingto close the circuit of said controlling electromagnet, electromagneticmeans for synchronously driving all the three toothed discs, thedifferent teeth on said discs and the spacesbetween thembeing unequal,but the lengths of teeth on dilferent discs being so coordinated, thatthe said twoarmedmember always enter into the spaces between the teethof said pair of discs without touching any of them during normaloperation of the device, while, if the synchronis m between the discs orthe circuit of the controlling electromagnet is disturbed, one of thearms of the two armed member disposed to engage the corresponding discand close the circuit of the electromagnet to release the circuitcloser. r

6. In an'electric protective signaling system, the combination with aguarded struc ture,"a central oliice and an electric alarmcircuittherein, of a circuit closer for said alarm circuit, an electromagnetfor releasing said circuit closer, a pair of rotary toothed v discs atthe central station, a third toothed disc in the guarded structure, amain circuit including electromagnetic mechanism for moving all thethree discs synchronously, three auxiliary toothed discs mounted incuttings made in the main discs on axles, fixed on the same, a two-armedarmature for said electromagneticmechanisms located so that eachof itsarms may enter into the spaces between the teeth of the respective oneof the discs located at the central station, the lengths of the teeth onall thediscs" and their distribution being so calculated and the armsbeing disposed at such a relative angle that during normal operation ofthedevice neither of the arms of the two-armed armature can touch the teethof their respective discs, and when the synchronism between the discsand'the circuit of the electromagnetic mechanisms' is disturbed, one ofthe arms of the two-armed armature is adapted to touch a tooth of thecorresponding disc and close the alarm circuit.

V Intestimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name; WLADIMIR IWANOWITSCH BECAOURI.

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